Preloaded ball screws are ball screws that are preloaded by adding preload to the balls. When used in mechanical devices, the repulsion of the balls can enhance the rigidity of the nut. This article focuses on the classification, selection and advantages of preloaded ball screws..
1. Preload Grade
The preload of ball screws is also called preload. The higher the grade, the tighter the nut and the screw fit, and the lower the grade, the looser. The principle to follow is: the preload grade can be selected higher in the case of large diameter, double nuts, high precision, and large driving torque, and vice versa.
2. Preload Method
The preload method of ball screws is an important measure to ensure that they maintain good performance and accuracy during operation. Preload can effectively reduce the clearance of ball screws and improve rigidity and positioning accuracy.
The following are several common preload methods for ball screws
Double nut preload: Use two nuts (inner and outer nuts) to achieve preload
Axial preload: This preload method eliminates the gap by applying a certain force in the axial direction of the ball screw.
Eccentric nut preload: This method achieves preload through an eccentrically designed nut. Usually a nut with an eccentric hole is used, and the preload can be adjusted when rotating.
3. Advantages of Preloaded Ball Screw
Preloaded ball screws play an important role in modern mechanical design and are widely used in CNC machine tools, automation equipment, and robots. Its unique design and structure give it a series of significant advantages.
3.1 Improve rigidity and precision
Preloaded ball screws make the contact between the ball and the nut closer by applying a certain preload. This design can effectively reduce the deformation of the screw during operation and improve the overall rigidity of the system. At the same time, the effect of preload can also reduce the clearance of the screw, improve positioning accuracy and repeatability, and make it perform well in high-precision processing.
3.2 Reduce vibration and noise
Due to the existence of preload, the ball screw can effectively suppress vibration and noise during operation. This is especially important for application scenarios that require a quiet environment (such as medical equipment, laboratory instruments, etc.). Lower vibration levels can also extend the service life of the equipment and reduce maintenance costs.
3.3 Improve load capacity
The preload design allows the ball screw to withstand greater loads without excessive deformation, which is particularly important for mechanical equipment that carries heavier objects. Under high load conditions, preloaded ball screws can still maintain good performance and ensure stable operation of the equipment.
3.4 Reduce wear
The preloaded ball screw can run at low friction due to its good contact state, thus reducing wear. This feature is particularly suitable for continuously running industrial equipment, which can significantly extend the service life and reduce the replacement frequency and maintenance costs.
3.5 Improve dynamic response
Preloaded ball screws have faster dynamic response capabilities, which enables them to better adapt to changing load conditions during rapid movement or high-speed processing. Good dynamic performance is essential to improving production efficiency and processing quality.
3.6 Easy to adjust and maintain
The preload design usually allows users to adjust according to actual needs, which is convenient for optimizing performance in different applications. In addition, the structure of the preloaded ball screw is relatively simple, and it is easy to maintain and replace, which further improves its application flexibility.
Summary
Preloaded ball screws have been widely used in the field of precision machinery due to their excellent performance characteristics. Its advantages of improving stiffness and precision, reducing vibration and noise, increasing load capacity, reducing wear, improving dynamic response, and facilitating adjustment and maintenance make it an indispensable key component in modern engineering design. With the continuous development of technology, the application potential of preloaded ball screws will be further explored, providing strong support for automation and precision manufacturing in various industries.
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